Phase II metabolism involves which type of reaction?

Phase II metabolism involves which type of reaction?

• A. Conjugation with Glucuronide, Glutathione, or Glycine
• B. Direct Oxidation
• C. Hydrolysis
• D. Dehydration

Answer: (A)

Phase II metabolism is all about conjugation reactions that attach an endogenous group to the drug, making it more water-soluble and easier to excrete. Conjugation with glucuronide, glutathione, or glycine is the classic example of this process—glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, and glycine conjugation respectively. These steps use activated donor molecules (like UDP-glucuronic acid, glutathione, or glycine) to form polar, excretable conjugates. This contrasts with Phase I, which introduces or reveals reactive groups through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, and isn’t about attaching these conjugates. Dehydration isn’t a recognized Phase II mechanism.

Phase II metabolism is all about conjugation reactions that attach an endogenous group to the drug, making it more water-soluble and easier to excrete. Conjugation with glucuronide, glutathione, or glycine is the classic example of this process—glucuronidation, glutathione conjugation, and glycine conjugation respectively. These steps use activated donor molecules (like UDP-glucuronic acid, glutathione, or glycine) to form polar, excretable conjugates. This contrasts with Phase I, which introduces or reveals reactive groups through oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis, and isn’t about attaching these conjugates. Dehydration isn’t a recognized Phase II mechanism.