Which adverse effect is associated with calcium channel blockers?

Which adverse effect is associated with calcium channel blockers?

• A. Tinnitus
• B. Hypokalemia
• C. Gingival hyperplasia
• D. Cough

Answer: (C)

Gingival hyperplasia is a known adverse effect of calcium channel blockers, especially the dihydropyridine type like nifedipine and amlodipine. The gum overgrowth occurs from increased activity of gingival fibroblasts and more extracellular matrix production, often worsened by inflammation and dental plaque. Clinically this can present as swollen, firm gums that may encroach on tooth surfaces over time. Management focuses on excellent oral hygiene, regular dental cleanings, and sometimes adjusting the medication dose or switching to a different antihypertensive if the overgrowth is significant. Other options don’t fit as well: cough is typically associated with ACE inhibitors due to bradykinin buildup; tinnitus is not a common adverse effect of calcium channel blockers; hypokalemia is usually linked to diuretics (and some electrolyte disturbances with other drug classes), not a characteristic effect of calcium channel blockers.

Gingival hyperplasia is a known adverse effect of calcium channel blockers, especially the dihydropyridine type like nifedipine and amlodipine. The gum overgrowth occurs from increased activity of gingival fibroblasts and more extracellular matrix production, often worsened by inflammation and dental plaque. Clinically this can present as swollen, firm gums that may encroach on tooth surfaces over time. Management focuses on excellent oral hygiene, regular dental cleanings, and sometimes adjusting the medication dose or switching to a different antihypertensive if the overgrowth is significant.

Other options don’t fit as well: cough is typically associated with ACE inhibitors due to bradykinin buildup; tinnitus is not a common adverse effect of calcium channel blockers; hypokalemia is usually linked to diuretics (and some electrolyte disturbances with other drug classes), not a characteristic effect of calcium channel blockers.